THEORY AND HISTORY OF CHOREOGRAPHIC ART
This article is an observation of life and work of Frederick Ashton, an outstanding English choreographer of the 20th century. The author identify patterns of the development of the ballet master’s choreographic style, describes Ashton’s biography from birth to death and events of the life which are unusual for a professional choreographer: lack of the special education, long-term Military service, creation of impeccably musical masterpieces despite of absence of the musical education, and ballets which are sophisticated, imaginative and viable. The impact of Anna Pavlova on the life and work of Frederick Ashton is also pointed out in the article.
The issues of creating a choreo-musical artistic product are highlighted. The mechanism of combining musical and choreographic texts is considered. Alternative principles of discreteness and independence and interaction in the creation of a modern choreographic production are described. The necessity of considering alternative approaches to optimizing the interdependence of music and movements in both technological and sensory directions is justified.
CROSS-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN CHOREOGRAPHY AND THEATRE
The article examines an example of a plastic interpretation of Mozart’s opera “The Magic Flute” of choreography by A. B. Petrov. The ballet “The Magic Flute” staged by A. B. Petrov is analyzed from the point of view of an integrated approach to the stage text, which includes the use of music, choreographic solution, interpretation of images and collisions, as well as stage design and costumes. Special attention is paid to vocal forms that have received choreographic interpretation. It is noted that A. B. Petrov often takes musical forms as a basis. Thus, the aria turns into a variation, the duet into adagio, the vocal tercet into a ballet trio, the chorus into a corps de ballet. Moreover, using the leading ballet form pas de deux for large scenes associated with the main characters, the choreographer very clearly reveals the characteristic features of their images with choreographic means. In his production, Petrov, relying on the musical basis of Mozart’s opera and supplementing it with inserted musical fragments of other works of the composer, managed to preserve a single musical style and reveal its content, using canonical ballet techniques and the classical form of dance. The author (Gasnikova O. V.) uses excerpts from a personal conversation with A. B. Petrov, choreographer of the ballet “The Magic Flute”, People’s artist of Russia, winner of the Moscow Prize in literature and art, Professor of the Moscow State Academy of Choreography.
The article is devoted to the history of the implementation of P. I. Tchaikovsky the tragedy of W. Shakespeare. In addition to the well-known symphonic overture-fantasy “Hamlet” of 1888 (f-moll, op. 67) in the composer’s work incidental music (op. 67-bis) is represented, created at the request of the French actor L. Gitri in 1891. For the first time the idea of embodying the plot in music is indicated in the legacy of P. I. Tchaikovsky in 1876, it was proposed to his brother by M. I. Tchaikovsky, but earlier in 1872 the composer in his musical-critical article dedicated to the opera of the same name by A. Toma, discusses the problems associated with the creation of works on this plot. P. I. Tchaikovsky’s materials also consisted the composer’s sketch of Hamlet’s monologue with text in English, possibly for opera (1885), and sketches in the notebook No. 4, presumably intended for the program symphony “Hamlet” and partially included in the Fifth Symphony (1887). The result of the composer’s searching was a programmatic overture-fantasy and incidental music, in which the author included fragments from previously written compositions — from music to “Snow Maiden” and Elegy or string orchestra (“Hello gratitude”). The article concludes the significance of the plot for the composer and his connections with other opuses of the author.
The article is devoted to the study of the historical, performing and musical aspects of the functioning of the operetta theater in the Far East in 1900–1905. The author uses materials from periodicals, most of which are first introduced into scientific use. With their help, the local specifics of the performances and facts that are important for the history of the Far Eastern operetta are illuminated: the opening of the seasons of a purely operetta enterprise, the premiere of a new national operetta, and artistic compositions are established. As a result of the study, a direct perception by the Far Eastern operetta theater of the developed performing traditions of M. Lentovsky’s theater, which have become stylistic features of Russian operetta, is established. This concerns the traditions of the performance of plug-in numbers, the gradual strengthening of the entertainment element. Periodicals’ testimonies make it possible to make sure that the Russian operetta theater retains all its peculiarities outside the Russian borders. After the crisis of the operetta theater in European Russia, in the Far East at the beginning of the twentieth century, it is experiencing a new heyday and retains all the developed traditions.
DANCE TECHNIQUE AND THEATRE PEDAGOGY
The article emphasizes the informative aspect of the educational programs «Canto rinascimentale e barocco», implemented in the Italian professional education of vocalists. There is no similar specialized educational program in Russia. Accordingly, there is a need to study all the existing experience in order to adopt and adapt in domestic programs some of Italian educational models and techniques, used in the vocal repertoire of the 15-17th centuries. Considering internalization of education, emerging innovative educational environment, the expansion of international ties, this interaction is not only aligned with the present, but may, to a certain extent, support domestic vocal education in competitive environment. It will also contribute to the acquisition by the students of competencies that will be ultimately required in the professional work of a performer with renaissance and baroque repertoire as such knowledge and skills are indispensable in actual artistic practice of contemporary historically acquainted performance.
The article considers one of the most important problems of an actor’s plastic education — desomatization — the loss of physicality, which is a powerful destabilizing factor in the formation of the plastic culture of an actor. It is about the awareness of body potential and the problems associated with the “consciousness-body” system. Based on the pedagogical experience of Professor A. B. Droznin, Head of the Department of Plastic Expressiveness of the actor of the Boris Shchukin Theater Institute, the author reveals a set of effective methods that successfully influence the process of overcoming desomatization and develops practical recommendations for plastic disciplines teachers.
ТHEORY AND HISTORY OF ART
Based on written sources (theoretical works, epistolary heritage, diaries and materials of periodicals), the article examines the system of scientific views of P. A. Sorokin on the problem of creativity in the context of his integral philosophy, traces the relationship between the theory of socio-cultural dynamics, the integral theory of knowledge and creativity, the theory of creative altruism, clarifies the place of art as an empirical system in the historical types of culture and society. The question of the influence of the teachings of V. M. Bekhterev, N. A. Berdyaev, and N. O. Lossky on the formation of P. A. Sorokin’s scientific views on the phenomenon of creativity is raised.
The article is devoted to the phenomenon of artless, «trivial» art; extra-genre and extra-stylistic quality of fine art, manifested in blurring the line between a work of art and reality. The author describes the features and circumstances of the existence of the discovered phenomenon on the examples of creativity of the authors of the 20th and 21st centuries: the ways of the artist’s creative interaction with the world (dissolution, mediation), features of work with the plot and material (manifestation of the non-obvious, «quiet» beauty of the surrounding reality; inclusion of former the use of creative materials); the minimal artistic gesture (the detection by the author of the minimum necessary and accurate actions to fix the artistic discovery, while remaining in the shade). Through the prism of artlessness, various types and genres of visual art are examined: graphics, painting, collage, assemblage, relief, sculpture, «found object». Despite the declared extralistical look at art, there are areas in which features are more common Dadaism, «poor» art. The origin and nature of the phenomenon described is found first in ancient and eastern Zen Buddhist cultures, and then — in a formal search for 20th-century art. As a conclusion, an assumption is made about the relevance of such a path, which returns to direct tactile and visual sensations about reality under the conditions of dematerialization and virtualization of 21st century art.
BALLET CRITICISM
The article is devoted to the unique gift of the great ballerina Galina Ulanova. The most famous Soviet ballet dancer, she was also a choreographer and teacher. The most titled ballerina in the history of Russian ballet, she was also one of the greatest ballerinas of the 20th century. Analyzing the roles played by the great ballerina, the author of the article is also the famous ballerina G. T. Komleva approaches from the position of her own performing practice.
The article is devoted to the life and work of Alexander Pavlovich Demidov (1944-1990), a Soviet ballet expert and theater critic, as well as a director whose activities were associated with various publications: the Theater magazine, after leaving which he continued to publish critical articles in the magazines “Musical Life” and “Theater Life”. The article examines the problem of transformation of a creative personality, in which direction displaced criticism, and a critic could dismember someone else’s performance into its components, revealing the secret mechanics of art.
REVIEWS
The article is a review of the recently published book by S.V. Lavrova «After Walter Benjamin: New Music in Germany, Austria and Switzerland from the Digital Post-Capitalist Era to COVID 19». The main semantic core of the research is the problem of the aura, articulated in the famous work of Walter Benjamin «A work of art in the era of its technical reproducibility». Within the framework of the problem of the existence of music in the new conditions of digitalization, the author examines the work of five Austro-German composers: Bernhard Lang (1957), Peter Ablinger (1959), Beat Furrer (1954), Georg Friedrich Haas (1953) and Johannes Kreidler (1980). A feature of this work is that it is also devoted to the problem of the pandemic lockdown of 2020 and how it may affect the state of modern culture and art.